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Immunohistochemical staining for diagnosis It is used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors, and to determine the tissue source of tumors and the primary site of metastatic tumors such as lymph nodes; Help to clinically estimate the patient's prognosis and select a treatment plan.
AACT (anti-chymotrypsin) is mainly used for the diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomas and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
AAT (antitrypsin) labels histiocytes and reticulohistiocytes as markers for the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma is also positive.
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| The name of the project that can be carried out | Clinical application |
| Actin (actin) | It is widely distributed in almost all muscular cells and is mainly used for the diagnosis of leiomyomas/sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcoma and myoepitheloma. |
| ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) | It is mainly used for the differential diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is also used in the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastoma. |
| Bcl-2 | It is mainly used for labeling follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and also for the study of apoptosis. |
| Bcl-6 | It is mainly expressed in normal germinal center B lymphocytes and lymphomas derived from them, and is positively expressed in follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-dominated Hodgkin lymphoma. |
| E—cadherin (cadherin—E) | It is mainly used for the study of cell invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors. |
| Calretinin (CR) | It is mainly used for the differentiation of mesothelioma, especially epithelial mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma, and also for the differential diagnosis of testicular adenomatous tumor and hemangioma, ovarian sex cord tumor and epithelial tumor. |
| CD1a | It is mainly expressed in dendritic cells and thymocortical cells and is used for the classification of thymoma; It is used in combination with S-100 for the diagnosis of Langhan histiocytosis, and can also be used to distinguish thymic tumors from primary tumors of the lungs |
| CD3 (T cells) | Labeling of T cells and NK cells for the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma and prodromal T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/lymphocytic lymphoma (T-LBL). |
| CD4 | Induce T cells and phagocytic cells, mainly used for cutaneous T cell lymphoma and mycosis fungoides and the detection of T cell subsets. |
| CD5 (mantle cell lymphoma marker) | It is mainly distributed in thymocytes (95%), peripheral blood lymphocytes (72%) and lymph node T cell areas. It is mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of T-cell leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma is often positive for CD5, whereas follicular center lymphoma is often negative. |
| CD7 | It is expressed in the vast majority of mature and immature T cells and T-cell leukemias and can be used to distinguish primitive T-cell tumors such as lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| CD8 | It is mainly distributed in inhibitory T/toxic T cells, and NK cells are positive. Positive in large granular lymphocytic leukemia and some T-ALL/T-LBL and can be used as an adjunct diagnosis for T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. |
| CD15 | It is mainly distributed in mature granulocytes and is used for the auxiliary diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma and granulocytic sarcoma. |
| CD20 | It is mainly distributed in B cells, pre-B cell anaphase, and B cells before plasma cells, and is used to diagnose B-cell lymphoma. |
| CD21 | It is mainly distributed in mature B cells, dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles and some T cells. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell tumors. |
| CD30 | It is expressed in activated T/B cells, R-S cells, and cells around some lymphatic follicles, and also has a high expression rate in embryonal carcinoma, which is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. |
| CD31 | It mainly labels monocytes, granulosa cells, endothelial cells and some T cells, and is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vascular tumors. |
| CD34 | It mainly labels hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid cells, and vascular endothelial cells. It can identify endothelial cell differentiation and is mostly used for the diagnosis of angiosarcoma and Kapois's sarcoma, as well as for the differential diagnosis of cutaneous fibrosarcoma and benign fibrohistiocytoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, solitary fibrous tumor and sarcomatoid mesothelioma, breast malignant phyllodes tumor and spindle cell carcinoma. |
| CD38 | It is mainly expressed in plasma cells, but can also be seen in thymocytes, activated T cells, pre-B cells and activated B cells, and is used in the diagnosis of multiple myelomas (plasmacytoma) and is also a useful marker in the immunophenotyping of acute leukemia. |
| CD43 (T cells) | Mainly labeled T cells, expressed in normal T lymphocytes, myeloid cells, macrophages, and plasma cells, all extramedullary medulloma/granulocytic sarcoma, and some medulloma CD43+. It is often detected in combination with other T-cell markers such as CD3 and CD45RO for the auxiliary diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. |
| CD45RO (T cells) | It is expressed in 90% of thymic cortex cells, 50% of thymic medullary cells, 50%-70% CD2-/CD3+ peripheral lymphocytes, and is rarely seen in normal B cells, mature monocytes and macrophages, and is mainly used to distinguish T-cell lymphoma from B-cell lymphoma. |
| CD56 | It is mainly distributed in most neuroectoderm-derived tumors, and is mainly used for the markers of retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors. |
| CD68 | It mainly labels macrophages in various tissues, including Kuffer cells in the liver, and is mainly used for the diagnosis of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia and histiocyte-derived tumors such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. |
| CD79a (B cells) | B-cell broad-spectrum markers, which can be labeled from pre-B cells to mature plasma cells, are mainly used for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma and some plasmacytomas. |
| CD99 (marker of Ewing's sarcoma) | It is a MIC2 gene product, which is used to label Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermoma (including Askin tumor), solitary fibrous tumor and lymphoblastic lymphoma, and is also expressed in some synovial sarcomas, mesenchymal soft tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc. |
| CD117 | A specific marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that can be used in combination with CD34. It can also be used to distinguish lymphoma from mast cell tumors and as a marker for some testicular germ cell tumors. |
| CD138 | Expressed on the surface of pre-B cells and plasma cells, it is a marker for B lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoplasmacytoid leukemia, and can also be used to label medulloma cells. |
| Desmin (desmin) | It is normally distributed in smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, iliac muscle cells, myoepithelial cells and their tumors, and is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of uterus, skin, gastrointestinal tract and other rhabdomyosarcomas and myoepithelial tumors. |
| EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) | It is widely distributed on various normal epithelial cell membranes and in tumors, and the distribution range is similar to that of cellular proteins, but the expression of visceral gland epithelium is better than that of cellular proteins. |
| GranzymeB (granzyme B) | Specifically expressed in cytotoxic T cells (including CD4 and CD8 positive cells and natural killer cells). It is mainly used for the diagnosis of cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. |
| Ki-67 | It is mainly used to judge the proliferative activity of cells. It is also one of the important reference indicators for the prognosis of some malignant tumors. |
| HMB45 | It is a melanomioma-related antigen, mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and soft tissue clear cell sarcoma. |
| Melan-A (Black Pigment A) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and tumors with melanocyte differentiation. |
| Mesothelialcell(MC) | It is mainly distributed in mesothelial cells, and other glandular epithelium is generally not expressed, which is mainly used for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. |
| MPO (Myeloperoxidase) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myeloid cell tumors and lymphomas. |
| MyoD1 (Myoeculin) | It is a specific marker for rhabdomyosarcoma differentiation and is mainly used in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. |
| Myogenin (sarcoplasmic protein) | It is a specific marker for the differentiation of rhabdomyosarium, and is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of normal rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. |
| NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase) | It is mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. |
| NF (Nerve Fiber Plexin) | It is distributed in central and peripheral neurons and tumors, and is used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma, cerebellar or peripheral neuroblastoma, adrenal adenoma or peripheral pheochromocytoma. |
| P63 | It mainly labels myoepithelial cells and basal cells of the prostate, and is mostly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the breast and prostate and salivary gland tumors. |
| Pax-5 | It is mainly distributed in the nucleus of pre-B cells and mature B cells, but is not expressed in plasma cells, and is mainly used for the diagnosis of B cells and tumors from which they originate. |
| Perforin (perforin) | It is a pore protein present in the cytoplasm of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is mainly used for the diagnosis of cytotoxic T cell lymphoma. |
| PLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) | PLAP is present in placental tissue, expressed in ovarian germ cell tumors, testis, and extragonadal germ cell tumors, but not in seminal seminomas and immature teratomas. It is mainly used for the differential diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of placental trophoblast cell tumors, ovarian germ cell tumors, testicular and extragonadal germ cell tumors. |
| SYN (synaptophysin) | It exists in the cytoplasm of neuronal presynaptic vesicle membranes, adrenal medullary cells and neuroendocrine cells, and is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, ganglion cell neuroma, paraganglioma and APUD system tumors. |
| TDT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma (leukemia). |
| TIA-1 (T cell intracytoplasmic antigen) | Positive expression in tumors derived from T cells or NK cells, mainly used for the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma and NK-cell lymphoma. |
| TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid tumors. |
| TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1) | It is a nuclear protein with a molecular weight of 38-40 kDa, mainly distributed in thyroid follicular cells and respiratory epithelium, and is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung and thyroid-derived tumors. |
| Vimentin (vimentin) | It is mainly distributed in mesenchymal tissues and tumors of origin, but the specificity is relatively poor, and mesothelioma, synovial sarcoma and some cancer tissues (such as lung cancer, kidney cancer and endometrioid adenocarcinoma are also expressed). |