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The final pathological examination results are obtained, which is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer.
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| The name of the project that can be carried out | Clinical application |
| AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary or metastatic liver cancer, hepatic gastric cancer and gonadal or certain germ cell tumors outside the gonads (such as endogerine sinus tumors). |
| AMACR/P504S | The antigen is highly expressed in prostate cancer and is also expressed in high-grade PIN and adenopathy. |
| CA125 (ovarian cancer antigen) | Epithelial ovarian cancer, especially serous adenocarcinoma, is the main marker |
| CD45 (LCA) (leukocyte common antigen) | It is mainly expressed on the surface of leukocytes, including T and B lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, etc. It is mainly used for the identification of lymphoma and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, small round cell sarcoma, malignant and seminoma. |
| CDX2 gut-specific transcription factor, | It is mainly used for the differential diagnosis of intestinal metastatic adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma of other organs, and can be detected in 74% of gastric cancers |
| CgA Wide | It is ubiquitous in neurons, neuroendocrine cells and tumor cells, and is mainly used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors such as pituitary tumors, pancreatic islet cell tumors, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, carcinoid carcinoma, etc. |
| COX2 | It is an inducible enzyme that participates in the cellular response to growth factors, tumor promoting factors and cytokines; Expression is significantly elevated in 85% to 90% of human adenocarcinoma of the colon. |
| CyclinD1 | It is mainly used for the differential diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas, and is also used for the research of malignant tumors such as breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, patronic cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer. |
| CK5/6 | It is a polymer cell protein, expressed in basal cells and spinous cells of the skin, and some basal cells of the prostate, which is mainly used for the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma, and can be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in combination with P63 and P504S. |
| CK7 | The glandular epithelium and transitional epithelium are predominantly marked, with ovarian, lung, and mammary epithelium being positive and prostate and gastrointestinal epithelium negative. Can be used for ovarian cancer |
| Differential diagnosis of (CK7+) and colon cancer (CK7-), among others. | It is mostly used in conjunction with CK20. |
| CK8 | It mainly marks non-squamous epithelium, which is mainly used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and ductal carcinoma |
| CK8/18 | The main markers of various monolayers of epithelium include glandular epithelium, squamous epithelium is often negative, and is mainly used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. |
| CK19 | It mainly marks various monolayer epithelium including glandular epithelium, which is mainly used for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, and hepatocytes do not express CK19, which can be used for the identification of liver cancer and metastatic adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and liver cirrhosis, and is also commonly used for the identification of papillary thyroid carcinoma and adenoma and papillary hyperplasia. |
| CK20 | It mainly labels gastrointestinal epithelium, urethral epithelium, and Merkel cells, and is mainly used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, ovarian mucinous tumors, and Merkel cell carcinoma. It is mostly used in conjunction with CK7. |
| CK34βE12 | It is a high molecular weight protein expressed in squamous epithelium, ductal epithelium and other stratified epithelium, and is a specific marker of prostate basal cells, which is mostly combined with P63 to show prostatic basal cells to assist in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions. It can also be used to distinguish tumors of breast ductal and lobular epithelial origin. |
| CK(Low mw) | Almost all non-squamous epithelium can be labeled, especially the various monolayer tubular gland epithelium. It mainly marks ovarian adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, thyroid cancer, and most ductal cancers. |
| CK(Pan) broad-spectrum cellular protein, | It mainly labels famed epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, stratified epithelium, hyperplastic myroid cells and monolayer epithelium for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (including spindle variants), various adenocarcinomas (including adrenal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma), transitional cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, germ cell tumors (except seminoma). Some leiomyosarcomas and synovial sarcomas can also be expressed. |
| Hepatocyte | This antigen exists in the mitochondria of hepatocytes and can be used for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. |
| Heppar-1 | It is a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a marker in the cytoplasm of normal and neoplastic hepatocytes and is used in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| Inhinbin-α | Labeling of ovarian granulocyte cells for the differential diagnosis of ovarian granulosa cell tumor and carcinoma, adrenocortical adenoma and renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma |
| PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | It is mainly used for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic prostate cancer, but not as a differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate diseases. |
| PSCA | It is a normal prostate tissue surface antigen, and 30%-40% of prostate cancers have PSCA transitional expression, which is used for the research of primary and metastatic prostate cancer. |
| Thyroglobulin(Tg) | Thyroglobulin is mainly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various types of thyroid cancer and metastatic adenocarcinoma. |